basics of 8086

Introduction:

Before getting into 8086 lets 1st define microprocessor. in simple words, a microporcessor is an electronic device which computes on the given input similar to CPU of a computer. it is made by fabricating millions(or billions) of transistors on a single chip.

History of  microprocessor in short

microprocessor journey started with a 4-bit processor called 4004, it was made by Intel corporation in 1971. it was 1st single chip processor. then the idea was extended to 8-bit processors like 8008, 8080 and then 8085 (all are Intel products). 8085 was a very successful one among the 8-bit processors, however its application is very limited bcoz of its slower computing speed and other quality factors.
some years later Intel came up with its 1st 16-bit processors 8086. at the same time other manufacturers were also making processors like 68000 (by motorola), Zilog z-80, General instrument PIC16X, MOS Technology 6502, etc...in 1979 Intel released a modified version of 8086 as 8088. next intel started updating 80x86 series by introducing 80286, 80386, 80486, pentium and then pentium series. After 80486, the next processor in series was to be said 80586, but Intel named it as pentium bcoz of  its copyright problem. further updation in pentium resulted in pentium-I, pentium-II, etc..

Intel 8086:

 The 8086 is a 16-bit microprocessor chip designed by Intel corporation in between early 1976 and mid-1978.
pin configuration:- picture below shows the 8086 pin-assignments in min and max mode:

features of 8086 :-

1. 8086 is a 40 pin IC.
2. It is a 16-bit processor.
3. its operating voltage is 5 volts.
4. its operating frequency is 5 MHz.
5. total memory addresing capacty is 1MB (external).
6. It has 16-bit data bus and 20-bit address bus.
7. it has fourteen 16-bit registers.
8. higher throughput(speed).
9. It has around 20000 transistors in its circuitary and it is made in HMOS technology.

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